Temperature: Quebec 1

 

The annual cycle of temperature and mass balance at Quebec 1, October 1997 to October 1998. The internal ice temperature is displayed using color contours, with blue being cold (-20oC) and red warm (0oC). The contours show the propagation of the cold front through the ice in fall and winter and how the ice warms and becomes isothermal in the summer. The gray shaded area represents snow depth, which reached a maximum of about 30 cm. The boundary between red and navy blue denotes the ice/ocean interface and the red/white boundary is the ice/air interface. 

Ice thickness at Quebec 1 increased from about 0.8 m in October 1997 to 1.6 m in June 1998. Due to a nearby crack, the thermistor string melted free of the ice in early June, ending the temperature record. By mid-August, this site had completely deteriorated.

 

 

 
                                          

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